3/04/2016

Syria conflict: Truce 'boosts peace talks', leaders agree

A Syrian soldier keeps watch near Maarzaf, west of Hama, on 2 March 2016.Image copyrightAP
Image captionDespite several attacks, the cessation of hostilities appears to be holding
The truce broadly holding in Syria will create momentum behind peace talks, major European powers say.
The leaders of Russia, Germany, France, Italy and the UK had a telephone conversation on Friday after which they agreed to use the "positive dynamic", said the office of UK PM David Cameron.
EU countries asked Russia to exert influence over Syria's government to respect the truce, Germany said.
Scattered attacks have not threatened the truce, which began last Saturday.
However, both the opposition and the government have accused each other of violating the cessation of hostilities agreement brokered by the US and Russia.
The truce does not include the jihadist groups Islamic State (IS) and al-Nusra Front.
UN special envoy Staffan de Mistura says he plans to reconvene talks aimed at ending the five-year conflict in Syria next Wednesday, with their format flexible to enable some parties to turn up days later.
UN humanitarian adviser Jan Egeland said progress had been made in getting aid to besieged areas of Syria, and that there would be further attempts at air-drops of aid over the eastern city of Deir al-Zour, where 200,000 people are surrounded by IS militants, within days or weeks.
Map showing control of Syria
More than 250,000 Syrians have been killed and millions more have been forced from their homes in Syria's civil war that began with the aim of overthrowing President Bashar al-Assad.
"The main point that the European leaders made on the call to [Russian President Vladimir] Putin was that we welcome the fact that this fragile truce appears to be holding," a spokesman for Mr Cameron said.
"We have got to use this as a positive dynamic now to create some momentum behind the talks... so we can move from a truce into a more lasting durable peace with a political transition away from Assad."
Germany's Chancellor Angela Merkel met French President Francois Hollande in Paris and praised Russia's confirmation to abide by the truce.
"We have asked Russia to exert its influence to ensure this will also apply to the Assad regime," Mrs Merkel said.
There was disagreement between the EU leaders and Russia over Mr Assad's plans to hold parliamentary elections next month.
The Kremlin said this was "in accordance with the existing Syrian constitution and does not interfere with steps to build the peace process".
Mr Hollande said this was "not just provocative, but totally unrealistic".
In a statement on Thursday, the main anti-Assad rebel group, the High Negotiations Committee (HNC), spoke about "a continuation of deadly operations and war crimes which the regime and its allies have not ceased to commit".
Amnesty International has also accused Russian and Syrian government forces of appearing to have been deliberately and systematically targeting health facilities in the northern province of Aleppo in the past 12 weeks, ahead of the truce.
The human rights group reported that it had gathered "compelling evidence" of at least six deliberate attacks on hospitals, medical centres and clinics there.

Related Topics

Zika vaccine 'within months'

Media captionTulip Mazumdar reports from a lab where scientists are trying to develop a Zika vaccine
A Zika vaccine could be ready for human trials later this year, according to the man in charge of the US government's research programme.
Dr Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, hopes to start testing a DNA vaccine by September.
Around 100 Americans have been diagnosed with Zika, after returning from affected countries.
Scientists at the institute helped develop a vaccine for Ebola.
They are now trying to do the same for Zika, with a special focus on pregnant women because of the strongly suspected link between the virus and babies being born with under-developed brains.
Dr Fauci said he's hoping human trials with start in America soon.
"We will have a vaccine ready to go into humans to test - not to distribute - but to test for safety and whether it induces a response that you can predict will be protective.
"That phase 1 trial I believe will likely start towards the end of this summer or early fall"
But phase 1 trials are only the start of potentially lengthy process.
If the outbreak starts to wane, as happened in the advanced stages of the agency's Ebola vaccine trials, it will not be possible to conduct big enough studies to confirm how effective the vaccine is in at risk populations.
The Zika vaccine in development uses synthesised genetic information from the virus, rather than live virus, to trigger an immune response in the body.
So if a person then becomes infected with the virus, their body is already primed to fight it.
Developing new vaccines can take decades. But scientists working at the labs in Maryland believe they can fast track the process because they had already been working on a vaccine for West Nile virus, which is spread by the same aedes aegypti mosquito.
Dr Barney Graham, deputy director of the National Institute of Health Vaccine Research Center, where the vaccine is being developed, said: "The challenge is that we don't know a lot about zika, but we know a lot about other flaviviruses. Zika is one of the flaviviruses."
Dr Barney Graham
"Vaccines are generally not made quickly. W still don't have a vaccine for some viruses that have been around for 70 or 80 years."
But he added: "There are new technologies now. DNA vaccines can go quickly, we've done it before for West Nile, for H5N1 (bird flu) for Ebola and HIV"
The vaccine being developed at the NIH in Bethesda, just outside Washington DC is one of two of the most advanced Zika vaccines in develop.
The other is being developed by Bharat Biotech, an Indian company based in Hyderabad.
Dr Fauci said the American vaccine will focus on pregnant women, and women of childbearing age, with a longer-term goal of offering a vaccine to everyone, particularly if that link to microcephaly is confirmed.
He said the world had been in a similar situation in the early 1960, when rubella was causing around 20,000 birth defects a year, after pregnant mothers became infected with the relatively mild German measles infection.
"As soon as we developed a rubella vaccine and started vaccinating everyone when they were children, the incidence of congenital rubella syndrome essentially disappeared.
"This is what we hope will happen with Zika."
However it is already too late for the thousands of babies already thought to be affected by this mysterious virus.
And despite the best efforts of scientists at the NIH, the very earliest a vaccine could be widely distributed is around 2018.
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US election 2016: Donald Trump under attack from debate rivals

Media captionWatch key moments from the debate - COURTESY FOX NEWS CHANNEL
Presidential contender Donald Trump has come under attack from his rivals at a Republican debate, after a day in which the party's veteran politicians urged voters to desert him.
The front-runner in the Republican race was on the defensive in Detroit as Marco Rubio and Ted Cruz piled in.
In a testy debate, Mr Trump admitted he had changed his stance on issues but said flexibility was a strength.
Senior Republicans say Mr Trump is a liability who would lose the election.
The debate began with Mr Trump being asked about an attack earlier in the day by Mitt Romney, the 2012 nominee, who accused the businessman of bullying, greed and misogyny. Mr Trump dismissed Mr Romney as a "failed candidate".
Ohio Governor John Kasich was the fourth Republican contender to take part in Thursday's debate.
Media captionDonald Trump has broadened his appeal
Leading the attack on Mr Trump, Florida Senator Marco Rubio said he was "not going to turn over the conservative movement to someone who thinks the nuclear triad is a rock band from the 1980s".
In one of the most bizarre moments, Mr Trump defended the size of his hands and then quipped about another part of his anatomy.
There were plenty of personal insults from Mr Trump, who labelled the Florida senator "little Rubio" and the senator from Texas as "liar Ted".

Analysis by Laura Bicker, BBC News, Washington

Donald TrumpImage copyrightAFP
Image captionThe debate, like the campaign itself, was dominated by one man
Since Super Tuesday, Donald Trump has faced relentless, withering criticism from his own party.
He was challenged on his various policy changes, on his failed businesses, on his support for Democrats.
He told the audience he reserved the right to be "flexible" and change his mind on issues if he felt like it. He was shown tapes of all the times he'd done just that.
The mud-slinging continued and at one point Ted Cruz urged Mr Trump to "breathe, breathe, breathe". But it is the Republican Party who appear to be gasping. They are trying to stop the front-runner, fearing he will destroy the party. The problem is Trump supporters have so far proved to be loyal no matter what is flung at their man.

The New York businessman was forced to explain a civil lawsuit involving the collapse of Trump University.
He said he would win the case but Mr Rubio said he was trying to "con people into giving him their vote, just like he conned people into giving him their money".
Mr Trump was also challenged by the Fox News panel for changing his stance on Syrian refugees, the war in Afghanistan and President George W Bush.
He replied: "I have a very strong core. But I've never seen a successful person who wasn't flexible, who didn't have a certain degree of flexibility."
The debate, sponsored by Fox News, brought Mr Trump face to face with presenter Megyn Kelly, whom he dismissed as a "bimbo" after they clashed in the first primary debate.
This time he was all smiles and he complimented her looks when he took her first question.
Other debate highlights:
  • All three of Mr Trump's rivals said they would back him if he won the nomination
  • Mr Trump was pressed to move his clothing manufacturing back to the US from China and Mexico
  • Mr Kasich said he was the "grown-up" on the stage who had the best chance against Democrat Hillary Clinton
  • Using a big screen with graphics, Fox host Chris Wallace challenged Mr Trump on whether his planned savings added up
  • Texas Senator Mr Cruz said Mr Trump was part of a corrupt Washington system, funding Mrs Clinton's 2008 election campaign
  • Mr Trump justified waterboarding of "animals in the Middle East" and the killing of the families of terrorists
Media captionThe Romney-Trump bromance turned sour

Face to face

Hours earlier, Mr Romney led growing calls by leading Republicans against a Trump nomination.
Calling him a "phony" and a "fraud", the former standard-bearer of the party said Mr Trump's policies - like the deportation of undocumented migrants and banning Muslims from entering the US - would make the world less safe.
Others like Paul Ryan, John McCain and a host of national security committee members have also attacked the New Yorker.
Republicans in four states - Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana and Maine - go to the polls on Saturday. The billionaire has won 10 of the 15 states that have voted so far, with his promise to "make America great again".
His supporters value his perceived authenticity and business acumen, and say he is the strong leader the country needs.
With the effective departure of Ben Carson this week, the field of Republican candidates - once 17-strong - has now been narrowed to four.

In the Democratic race, Hillary Clinton has 10 states, five more than rival Bernie Sanders.
The two will take to the debate stage in Flint, Michigan, on Sunday.

Election calendar: Next races

5 March: Kansas caucuses, Louisiana primary, Kentucky and Maine caucuses (Republican), Nebraska caucuses (Democratic)
6 March: Maine caucuses (Democratic)
8 March: Hawaii and Idaho caucuses (Republican), Idaho primary (Republican), Michigan and Mississippi primaries
15 March: Florida, Illinois, Missouri, North Carolina, Ohio primaries

12/27/2015

Scottish Ambulance Service to recruit 300 new paramedics

AmbulanceImage copyrightScience Photo Library
Image captionThe ambulance service was given a funding increase of 1.7% in the draft budget
The Scottish Ambulance Service has said it will recruit about 300 paramedics over the next five years with new funds allocated from the budget.
The service saw a total increase in funding of £11.4m in the 2016-17 draft budget announced earlier this month.
Some of the funds will go towards additional clinical advisers and control room staff.
SAS chief executive Pauline Howie said ambulance crews were "busier than ever".
The draft budget announced by Finance Secretary John Swinney included an increase of 1.7% in funding for the ambulance service, equating to £3.6m.
The service will also receive £5m on a recurring basis to support its "Towards 2020" strategy, and £2.8m towards its baseline.
Ms Howie said the "Towards 2020" strategy was aimed at "ensuring that every patient receives the most appropriate care, whether at home or in the hospital".
Scottish government health secretary Shona Robison added: "We value the dedication of our ambulance workers extremely highly.
"They provide a first class service, often under challenging and physically demanding circumstances, and it is important we ensure they are equipped with the appropriate skills, training and clinical support to be able to deliver even more care in the community."

 
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